Stock Statistics

Showing posts with label IPO. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IPO. Show all posts

Friday, March 14, 2014

Sri Lanka stocks end down 0.3-pct

Sri Lanka's stocks end lower for the fifth straight day with tobacco and diversified stocks losing ground, brokers said.

The Colombo benchmark All Share Price Index closed 17.71 points lower at 5,896.23 down 0.30 percent. The S&P SL20 closed 15.02 points lower at 3,207.11, down 0.47 percent.

Turnover was 251.77 million rupees, down from 336.48 million rupees a day earlier with 65 stocks close positive against 82 negative.

Foreign investors bought 100.17 million rupees worth shares while selling 120.45 million rupees of shares.
Asiri Surgical closed 90 cents higher at 14.00 rupees, attracting most number of trades during the day.

John Keells Holdings closed 2.80 rupees lower at 220.00 rupees with two off market transactions of 66.10 million rupees contributing to 26 percent of the daily turnover while contributing most to the index drop.

JKH’s W0022 warrants closed 20 cents higher at 62.00 rupees and its W0023 warrants closed 30 cents lower at 64.70 rupees.

Ceylon Tobacco Company closed 28.70 rupees lower at 1,111.30 rupees and Carson Cumberbatch closed 9.70 rupees lower at 340.30 rupees.

Nestle Lanka closed 26.60 rupees lower at 1,973.30 rupees and SLT closed 50 cents higher at 44.50 rupees.

Lion Brewery closed 8.90 rupees higher at 394.00 rupees and Bukit Darah closed 40 cents lower at 544.60 rupees.

George Steuart Finance closed 21.90 rupees higher at 136.90 rupees and HNB closed 1.20 rupees higher at 152.40 rupees.

www.lbo.lk

Sri Lanka's Bansei Royal Resorts Hikkaduwa to go public

Bansei Royal Resorts Hikkaduwa Limited, a hotel in Sri Lanka's popular beach resort town of Hikkaduwa will be listed in its second board, the Colombo Stock Exchange said

Bansei, a Japan based firm which had made several investments in Sri Lanka, owns a 39 percent stake in the hotel which has 34 rooms, an official said.

The company's 53.7 million shares will be listed on the 'Diri Savi' second board of the exchange, through a process of introduction where subscriptions need not be collected from the public before the float.


But at least 10 percent of the firm must be held by shareholders who are not in control.
www.lbo.lk

Thursday, March 13, 2014

Sri Lanka stocks close down 0.3-pct, rupee weaker

Sri Lanka's stocks close lower for the fourth consecutive day with tobacco and diversified stocks losing ground and the rupee weakened amid stronger import demand, brokers and dealers said.


The Colombo benchmark All Share Price Index closed 19.58 points lower at 5,913.94 down 0.33 percent. The S&P SL20 closed 14.16 points lower at 3,222.13, down 0.44 percent.

Turnover was 336.48 million rupees, down from 408.01 million rupees a day earlier with 74 stocks close positive against 84 negative.

In forex markets the rupee weakened to around 130.65/70 rupees to the US dollar in spot market after opening at around 130.60 levels amid stronger import demand, dealers said.

In equity markets Softlogic Holdings closed 1.00 rupee higher at 11.00 rupees with an off market transaction of 108.90 million rupees contributing to 32 percent of the turnover.

Asiri Surgical closed 90 cents higher at 14.00 rupees and Nation Lanka Finance closed 50 cents higher at 8.70 rupees, attracting most number of trades during the day.

Foreign investors bought 183.15 million rupees worth shares while selling 174.25 million rupees of shares.
Ceylon Tobacco Company closed 28.70 rupees lower at 1,111.30 rupees and John Keells Holdings closed 1.70 rupees lower at 222.80 rupees, contributing most to the index drop.

JKH’s W0022 warrants closed 30 cents lower at 61.80 rupees and its W0023 warrants closed 80 cents lower at 65.00 rupees.

Commercial Leasing and Finance closed 10 cents lower at 3.80 rupees and HNB closed 1.80 rupees lower at 151.20 rupees.

NDB Capital Holdings closed 43.60 rupees lower at 490.00 rupees and Ceylinco Insurance closed 47.30 rupees higher at 1,350.00 rupees.

C T Holdings closed 4.90 rupees higher at 135.00 rupees.

Nestle Lanka closed 10 cents lower at 1,999.90 rupees and Bukit Darah closed 5.10 rupees lower at 545.00 rupees.

SLT closed flat at 44.00 rupees and Dialog Axiata also closed flat at 9.00 rupees.

www.lbo.lk

Wednesday, March 5, 2014

Benjamin Graham Value Investing Strategy

In addition to penning several of the most important value investing books in history, Benjamin Graham, the father of value investing, was one of the two partners in the Graham Newman Corporation, the investment fund through which he put money to work.

It was at this firm that Warren Buffett worked early in his career, learning from the master.  As he amassed an astounding investing record, Graham divided his portfolio into several categories, or “operations”.   These served value investing students well for more than seventy years and some still have value today.

The Benjamin Graham Value Investing Portfolio

Benjamin Graham’s value investing strategy was focused on buying stocks with the same discipline as an insurance underwriter, carefully considering the risks, rejecting potential securities that had too much uncertainty, and insisting upon a margin of safety in the event his calculation of intrinsic value was too optimistic.  During his time as the President of the Graham-Newman Corporation, Benjamin Graham had the money entrusted to his care put into several different value investing operations.

Net Working Capital Investments: For many years, net working capital investments were the cornerstone of value investing.  Due to improvements in market technology and transparency, “that ship has sailed”, in the words of billionaire Charlie Munger.  Nevertheless, it was net working capital investments that helped secure Graham’s place in the pantheon of Wall Street history and helped make value investing a respected discipline.

Put simply, a net working capital investment was one in which the shares of stock were trading at a 30% or greater discount to modified working capital (that is, the current assets that could be quickly converted to cash less current liabilities and cash needs).  The value investor was purchasing, quite literally, dollar bills for 30, 50, or 70 cents.  Although some of the companies would inevitably go bust, by working with the law of averages, Graham insisted on widespread diversification because these commitments would prove extremely favorable on an aggregate basis.  Net working capital investments factored heavily into the first years of the Buffett Partnership, which eventually led to Berkshire Hathaway.

Arbitrage: There can be little doubt that arbitrage was the secret weapon with which both Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett accelerated their returns.  In fact, Graham was convinced that disciplined arbitrage could regularly generate 20% returns, improving the overall rate of return earned on a value investing strategy portfolio.

The goal of arbitrage is to profit from price discrepancies with little or no risk.  Imagine Procter & Gamble wanted to acquire J.M. Smucker’s and made a tender offer at $50 per share with the deal closing in two months.  The shares of Smucker’s aren’t immediately going to go to $50 per share; they may, instead, trade at $48.95.  Depending upon 1.) the probability of the deal closing, 2.) the time remaining before the deal closes, and 3.) the spread between the ultimate price you will receive in the merger and the price at which you can acquire the stock, you may have an opportunity to enter into an arbitrage transaction.  The $1.05 profit you could earn may only represent 2.1%, but you are generating it in two months.  On an annualized basis, that’s a nearly 13% return compounded and, if you believe the deal is certain to close, comes with little risk.  With arbitrage, the value investor is focusing on profiting from the time value of money, which is being undervalued by other investors.

Tangible Assets: Benjamin Graham looked at the real, tangible assets backing a bond, preferred stock, or common stock, such as railroad cars, real estate, office buildings, or factories.  He then attempted to only invest in companies that offered sufficient asset backing to guarantee that if the bond interest payment, or preferred stock dividends, were not met, the investors could take control of the company and liquidate the property to recover their money.  Graham admonished those who practiced value investing to always examine their own bond holdings and be willing to switch from your existing bonds to another bond issue if the latter enjoyed a better asset position.  He was fond of pointing out that those who had followed this advice would have avoided losses from some of the 20th centuries biggest failures, such as the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Diversification: Benjamin Graham insisted that those who followed a value investing strategy structure their portfolio to take advantage of the benefits of diversification.  This included diversification of asset class just as much as individual investments.  Examining his January 31, 1948 letter to shareholders of the Graham-Newman Corporation, we see that Graham invested:

  • 15.82% of the money in bonds, which were sub-divided into railroads, utilities, real estate, holding companies, and the United States Government,
  • 22.93% of assets into preferred stocks, which were sub-divided into industrials, investment companies, utilities, insurance companies, and holding companies, and
  • 61.25% into common stocks, which were sub-divided into industrials, holding companies, investment companies, railroads, utilities, and insurance companies.
The 61.25% invested in common stocks were spread among 57 different companies, ranging from ship builders to sugar companies in Puerto Rico.  This meant that each of Graham’s value investments had a margin of safety all their own, plus the protection of sitting in a larger, extremely diversified portfolio of bonds, preferred stocks, and common stocks.  This was consistent with Graham’s belief that the primary goal of value investing was to avoid losing money first, and then to enjoy a satisfactory return on capital thereafter.

Benjamin Graham Value Investing Strategy Portfolio for Defensive Investors

As we explained in Asset Allocation Rebalancing, Benjamin Graham recommended investors that didn’t want to learn how to read financial statements or spend their free time looking at ticker tape should instead split their money 50% to stocks and 50% to bonds.  He then went on to say that they should take some time to study history and if they thought stocks were overvalued or undervalued, they should sell off some of those stocks and move the funds into bonds (and visa versa).  This made Graham, and value investing, one of the first practitioners of Tactical Asset Allocation.

www.about.com


 

Monday, March 3, 2014

කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධ පාරිභාෂිත වචන

CDS ගිණුම
කොටස් වෙළද පොලට සම්බන්ද වන ආයෝජකයෙක්, කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්දවීමට ප්‍රථම පළමුවෙන්ම සිදුකළ යුතු කාර්ය වන්නේ CDS ගිණුමක් ආරම්භ කිරීමය. එහිදි ආයෝජකයා කොටස් තැරැව්කාර සමාගමක් වෙත ගොස්, ඔවුන් හරහා CDS ගිණුමක් විවෘත කළ යුතුය. මෙය මධ්‍යම තැන්පතු ක්‍රමයේ ගිණුමක් ලෙසද හැදින්වෙයි.
CDS ගිණුමක් විවෘත කිරීමෙන් තොරව ආයෝජකයෙකුට කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධවීමේ, එනම් කොටස් මිළදී ගැනීමේ හෝ විකිණීමේ අවස්ථාව හිමි නොවෙයි. CDS ගිණුමක් ආරම්භ කිරීමට බලාපොරොත්තු වන ආයෝජකයා වයස අවුරුදු 18 සම්පූර්ණ කළ අයෙකු විය යුතුය. එමෙන්ම තමාගේ ස්ථිර පදිංචිය තහවුරු කළ හැකි ලියවිල්ලක් (විදුලි බිල්පතක්, ජල බිල්පතක් ආදී) සහ ජාතික හැදුනුම්පතේ ඡායා පිටපතක් රැගෙන කොටස් තැරැව්කාර ආයතන‍ය වෙත ගොස් CDS ගිණුම විවෘත කළ යුතුය. එහිදි කොටස් තැරැව්කාර ආයතනයේදී අවශ්‍ය ලිපිලේඛන පුරවා අවසන් වීමෙන් පසුව ගිණුමක් විවෘත කිරීමේ අවස්ථාව ආයෝජකයාට හිමිවේ. 


CDS ගිණුමක් හරහා සිදු වන්නේ කොටස් වෙළදාමට අවශ්‍ය පහසුකම් සැලසීමය. යම් ආයෝජකයෙකු කොටස් මිළදී ගත් විට CDS ගිණුමට එම කොටස් ප්‍රමාණය බැරවී කොටස් විකුණූ ආයෝජකයාගේ ගිණුමට හර වන අතර, යම් ආයෝජකයෙකු තමා සතු කොටස් ප්‍රමාණය විකුණූ විට ඔහුගේ ගිණුමට හර වී, කොටස් මිළදී ගත් ආයෝජකයාගේ CDS ගිණුමට එම කොටස් ප්‍රමාණය බැර වීමක් සිදුවෙයි.

ගැනුම් කුවිතාන්සි සහ විකුණුම් කුවිතාන්සි
කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධ වී සිටින ආයෝජකයෙකු කොටස් මිළදී ගැනීමෙන් පසු හා තමා සතු කොටස් විකිණීමෙන් පසු කොටස් මිළදී ගත් බව හෝ‍ කොටස් විකුණු බව සනාථ කරමින් ලැබෙන සහතික ගැනුම් කුවිතාන්සිය (Bought Note) හා විකුණුම් කුවිතාන්සිය (Sold Note) යන නම් වලින් හැදින්වෙයි. 

ඒ අනූව කොටස් මිළ දී ගත් ආයෝජකයෙකුට ගැනුම් කුවිතාන්සියක් ලැබෙන අතර, කොටස් විකිනූ ආයෝජකයෙකුට විකුනුම් කුවිතාන්සියක් හිමිවෙයි. ඊමේල් මගින් මෙම කුවිතාන්සිය ලැබේන්නේ නම්, ගනුදෙනු කල දිනයේම අදාල කුවිතාන්සිය එම ආයෝජකයා වෙත ලැබෙයි. මීට අමතරව තැපැල් මාර්ගයෙන් එය ලැබෙන්නේ නම්, ගනුදෙනු කල දිනයට පසු දිනයේ එය  ආයෝජකයා වෙත ලැබෙයි.

එහිදී, කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධ වී ගනුදෙනු සිදුකළ බවට දෙන සහතිකයක් ලෙස ගැනුම් කුවිතාන්සිය හා විකුණුම් කුවිතාන්සිය පෙන්වා දිය හැකිය. මෙම කුවිතාන්සි දෙකෙහි මිළදි ගත් හෝ විකිණූ කොටස් ප්‍රමාණයන්, සමාගම් වල නාමයන්, මුදල් ලැබෙන් දිනය හෝ මුදල් ගෙවිය යුතු දිනය, මෙන්ම තැරැව්කාර ගාස්තු ආදි ගෙවිය යුතු අනෙකුත් ගාස්තු මොනවාද යන්න ඇතුළත් වෙයි.

CDS මාසික වාර්තාව
කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධවන ආයෝජකයෙකු අදාල මාසයේ යම් කිසි ගනුදෙනුවක් සිදු කර ඇත්නම්, එම මාසය අවසානයේදී වාර්තාවක් හිමිවන අතර, එම වාර්තාව CDS මාසික වාර්තාව ලෙස හැදින්වෙයි. මීට පෙර සදහන් කළ ගැණුම් හා විකිණුම් කුවිතාන්සි කොටස් තැරැව්කාර සමාගම් මගින් එවනු ලබන නමුත්, මෙම CDS වාර්තා එවනු ලබන්නේ මධ්‍යම තැන්පතු ක්‍රමය මගිනි. එම CDS වාර්තාවේ එම මාසය තුළ අදාළ ආයෝජකයා සිදුකළ සියලුම ගනුදෙනු වල විස්තරයක් අඩංගු වෙයි. 

එනම්, අදාළ මාසය තුළ ආයෝජකයා මිළදී ගත් කොටස් ප්‍රමාණය, විකිණූ කොටස් ප්‍රමාණය, ඔහුගේ ඉතිරි ශේෂය ආදි සියලු තොරතුරු අඩංගු වෙයි. කලින් සදහන් කල ගැනුම් හා විකිණූම් කුවිතාන්සි මෙන්ම CDS මාසික වාර්තාවක් ආයෝජකයෙකුට අතිශය වැදගත් බව සිහියේ තබා ගත යුතුය.

ATS පද්ධතිය 
ATS යනුවෙන් හැදින්වෙන්නේ Automated Trading System යන්නයි. මෙය කොළඹ කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ වූ ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතියයි. කොටස් වෙළද පොළට සම්බන්ධ වී සිටින සියලුම අයෝජකයන් මෙම ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතිය හරහා ගනුදෙනු සිදුකරයි. එහිදී, මෙම ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතිය වෙත අවතීරණය වීමේ හැකියාව ඇත්තේ කොටස් තැරැව්කාර සමාගම් වලට පමණි. ඒ අනුව, කොටස් තැරැව්කාර ආයතන මෙම ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතිය සමග සම්බන්ධ වෙමින් ආයෝජකයන්ගේ ගනුදෙනු ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනු ලබයි. 

කොළඹ කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ පවතින ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතියේ ආරම්භය 1997 වසරේදි  සිදුවිය. එදා සිට අද දක්වාම මෙම ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක වෙයි. විශේෂ හේතුවක මත හැර, මෙම ගනුදෙනු පද්ධතියෙන් තොරව ආයෝජකයෙකුට කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ වූ ලැයිස්තුගත සමාගම් වල කොටස් ගනුදෙනු කිරීමේ හැකියාවක් නොමැත. 

ආන්තික ණය
ආන්තික ණය යන්නෙන් අදහස් කරන්නේ කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ ගනුදෙනු කිරීමට, එනම් කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ කොටස් මිළදී ගැනීම සදහා ආයෝජකයෙකු විසින් කොටස් තැරැව්කාර සමාගමක් මගින් හෝ වෙනත් ණය සපයන ආයතනයකින් ණය ලබා ගැනීමය. බොහෝ අවස්තා වල තමන් සතුව දැනට කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ ඇති කොටස් වල වටිනා කමින් 50% ක් වැනි මුදලක් ආයෝජකයෙකුට ආන්තික ණයක් ලෙස ලබා ගැනීමේ හැකියාවක් පවතී. එසේ ණයක් ලබාගෙන කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ ගනුදෙනු කිරීමට ආයෝජකයාට අවස්ථාව ඇත. 

නමුත්, මෙ‍ම ආන්තික ණය වඩා වැදගත් වන්නේ පරිණත ආයොජකයන්ට බව පෙන්වා දිය යුතුය. ඒ සමගම නවක ආයෝජකයන්ට ඇතැම් අවස්ථාවල මෙම ආන්තික ණය ලබා ගනීම ඉතාම අවධානම් ක්‍රියාවක් වීමට ද ඉඩ තිබේ. ආන්තික ණය වලින් සිදු කෙරෙන්නේ ආයෝජකයා සතු මුදල් වලට අමතරව තව මුදලක් ලබා ගෙන කොටස් වෙළද පොළේ ගනුදෙනු කිරීමකි. මෙසේ ආන්තික ණය ලබා ගැනීමෙන් ආයෝජකයාගේ ක්‍රය ශක්තිය හෙවත් මිලදී ගැනීමේ හැකියාව තවදුරටත් වැඩි වීමක් සිදුවෙයි.

එමෙන්ම, මෙය වඩාත් වැදගත් වන්නේ කොටස් වෙළද පොළ ඉතා ඉහළ යන අවස්ථාවක දීය. එවැනි අවස්ථාවකදී මෙවැනි ණයක් ලබාගැණිමේ අවධානම අඩුය. නමුත්, කොටස් වෙළද පොළක් පහළ යන අවස්ථාවක මෙසේ ආන්තික ණය ලබා ගැනීම අතිශය අවදානම් සහගති ක්‍රියාවක්වීමට පුලුවන් බව සිහිපත් කළ යුතුය.

අද පුවත් පතෙනි
 
   

Margin trading: A double-edged sword - 01

Imagine you’re sitting at the black jack table and the dealer throws you an ace. You’d love to increase your bet but you’re a little short on cash. Luckily, your friend offers to spot you Rs.50 and says you can pay him back later. Tempting, isn’t it?

If the cards are dealt right, you can win big and pay your buddy back his Rs.50 with profits to spare. But what if you lose? Not only will you be down your original bet but you’ll still owe your friend Rs.50. Borrowing money is like gambling on steroids: the stakes are high and your potential for profit is dramatically increased. Conversely, your risk is also increased.

Margin is a high-risk strategy that can yield a huge profit if executed correctly. The dark side of margin is that you can lose your money. One of the only things riskier than investing on margin is investing on margin without understanding what you’re doing. This article will enable you to manage your margin account wisely.

Margin trading: What is buying on margin?
Buying on margin is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stocks. A stockbroker firm may extend credit to its clients for the sole purpose of purchasing securities traded on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), provided that the total value of the credit extended shall not exceed three times of the ‘adjusted net capital ’ of the stockbroker firm.

Margin trading allows you to buy more stocks than you’d be able to normally. To trade on margin, you need a margin account. This is different from a regular cash account, in which you trade using the money in the account. By law, the stockbroker firm is required to obtain your signature to open a margin account. The stockbroker firm should enter into a written agreement with each client to whom credit is extended, which clearly sets out the terms and conditions entered into between the parties. Every amendment to such agreement shall also be in writing.
 

The margin account may be part of your standard account opening agreement or may be a completely separate agreement. An initial investment is required for a margin account. This deposit is known as the minimum margin.

You can keep your loan as long as you want, provided you fulfil your obligations. First, when you sell the stock in a margin account, the proceeds go to your broker against the repayment of the loan until it is fully paid.

Second, there is also a restriction called the maintenance margin, which is the minimum account balance you must maintain before your broker will force you to deposit more funds or sell stock to pay down your loan. When this happens, it’s known as a margin call.

Borrowing money isn’t without its costs. Regrettably, marginable securities in the account are collateral. You’ll also have to pay the interest on your loan. The interest charges are applied to your account unless you decide to make payments. Over time, your debt level increases as interest charges accrue against you. As debt increases, the interest charges increase, and so on.

Therefore, buying on margin is mainly used for short-term investments. The longer you hold an investment, the greater the return that is needed to break even. If you hold an investment on margin for a long period of time, the odds that you will make a profit are stacked against you.
 

As a rule of thumb, it is best to refrain from penny stocks (low market capitalization, highly liquid, speculative stocks) and Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on margin because of the day-to-day risks involved with these types of stocks.

Let’s say that you deposit Rs.10,000 in your margin account. Because you put up 50 percent of the purchase price, this means you have Rs.20,000 worth of buying power. Then, if you buy Rs.5,000 worth of stock, you still have Rs.15,000 in buying power remaining. You have enough cash to cover this transaction and haven’t tapped into your margin. You start borrowing the money only when you buy securities worth more than Rs.10,000.
 

his brings us to an important point: the buying power of a margin account changes daily depending on the price movement of the marginable securities in the account.

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